Romania is finally gaining international recognition for its exceptional wines, a well-deserved acknowledgment for a country rich in viticultural heritage and a plethora of unique grape varieties that produce wines with distinctive flavors.
Some of these grape varieties can trace their roots back to Ancient Greece, the cradle of modern wine culture.
Indeed, Romania, situated in southeastern Europe, has a deep-rooted connection to viticulture. Evidence dates back to the 5th century BC, with vineyard tools discovered on Catalina Hill in Cotnari. The Greeks further established viticulture in the 7th century BC, followed by the Romans and Byzantines, who produced prized aromatic sweet wines in clay amphorae. Even the Roman poet Ovid celebrated Romanian viticulture despite his exile in AD 8 to Constanta on the Black Sea by Emperor Augustus. However, the fall of the Western Roman Empire and ensuing chaos relegated viticulture to the background.
During the Middle Ages, a significant shift occurred with Christian institutions, particularly monasteries, taking an active role in vine cultivation. This period saw a surge in Romania's vineyard area, particularly in Moldavia and Muntenia, establishing Romania as a prominent player in the Balkans.
Challenges and Renaissance
The 18th century saw a shift in preference from white to red wines, including the esteemed Cotnari, rivaling Hungary's Tokaji. However, political turmoil, phylloxera outbreaks, and the upheavals of two World Wars led to a decline in Romania's wine industry. The establishment of the Romanian People’s Republic in 1947 further industrialized wine production, focusing on high-yielding hybrids under Soviet influence.
Revival and Progress
Since the country's return to democracy in 1989, Romania's winemaking tradition has experienced a resurgence. The dismantling of state firms has paved the way for new family-owned wineries, both artisanal and large-scale. Significant investments in cellar and vineyard technology have elevated Romania's wine production, emphasizing quality and terroir expression.
Embracing Diversity
Romania's EU membership in 2007 facilitated a major replanting initiative, replacing hybrids with international and indigenous grape varieties. Today, Romania boasts approximately 180,000 hectares of vineyards, with 34,000 qualifying for DOC status. This resurgence positions Romania as the 6th largest wine producer in Europe, with a vibrant future ahead.
Unique Offerings and Global Appeal
Romania offers a diverse range of wines made from indigenous grapes such as Feteasca Regala, Feteasca Alba, Feteasca Neagra, Negru de Dragasani, and Zghihara de Husi. The country's varied terroirs and mesoclimates contribute to a broad spectrum of wines that cater to evolving consumer preferences worldwide.
As leading wine markets increasingly seek new experiences and stories, Romania stands poised to satisfy this demand with its rich vine heritage and distinct regional assets. The future looks promising for Romanian wines as they continue to captivate and surprise wine enthusiasts globally.
Source: Decanter